Introduction:
When we reflect on the anticolonial struggle in Africa, prominent names like Nyerere, Nkrumah, and Cabral come to mind. However, there is a lesser-known cohort of activists who played significant roles in the fight against colonialism.
Dr. Ismay Milford, a historian at Leipzig University, sheds light on these unsung heroes in her recently published book, "African Activists in a Decolonising World." The book delves into the lives and struggles of activists from Malawi, Zambia, Uganda, and mainland Tanzania, highlighting their unique approaches to liberation.
A Different Perspective:
In an interview with Faisal Ali, Dr. Milford explains that her book aims to expand our understanding of anticolonialism beyond the iconic figures.
She delves into the stories of individuals like John Kale, Abubaker Kakyama Mayanja, and Kanyama Chiume, who may not have gained global recognition but made noteworthy contributions to their countries' liberation movements.
These activists employed diverse tactics, including international networking, publishing, and organizing, to raise awareness and further their cause.
Exploring "Anticolonial Culture":
Dr. Milford introduces the concept of "anticolonial culture" to describe the relationship between thought and practice in the activists' endeavors.
This culture encompassed beliefs and assumptions that underpinned their actions, emphasizing mechanisms such as information dissemination, participation in non-state organizations and conferences, international student politics, and connections with anticolonial patrons.
The activists shared a regional-generational role, forming connections through educational networks.
Overcoming Overshadowing Narratives:
The interview delves into the overshadowing of these activists by other prominent anticolonial struggles.
Dr. Milford points out that historians focusing on global dynamics of decolonization often gravitate toward well-known instances with external factors shaping the narrative.
Additionally, historians examining African nationalisms tend to view these activists as secondary to national struggles.
By taking a regional lens and following their activities beyond national borders, a more coherent and nuanced picture of anticolonialism emerges.
Moving Beyond Singular Thinkers:
Dr. Milford emphasizes the importance of adopting a social history approach to comprehend decolonial processes fully.
By shifting the focus from heroic figures and grand events to everyday activism, we gain insight into the multi-faceted nature of anticolonial work.
The book highlights the significance of short-lived NGOs, uncoordinated initiatives, magazines, and the involvement of activist young professionals, often students and teachers, in shaping the anticolonial landscape.
Navigating Challenges and Adjustments:
The interview explores the challenges faced by these activists, such as crossing borders, organizing large conferences, and the limitations of pamphlet distribution and protest within established rules.
Dr. Milford emphasizes the process of learning and adaptation in their endeavors. While their transnational work may have been minor in comparison to local political parties, it played a crucial role in shaping the anticolonial narrative.
The original version of this article can be read here.